Maybe you’re unsure if you can hold a medical or don’t want to make flying a career. The sport pilot license offers an accessible entry into aviation at a lower price point and without requiring a medical.

As with any other type of pilot license, ground school is a great way to prepare for sport pilot flight training, exams, and real-world flying. We’ve rounded up six of the best programs to support your training journey.

Quick Look: 6 Top Sport Pilot Certification Courses

• Sport pilot-specific curriculum: King Schools Sport Pilot Airplane Ground School & Test Prep
• All-in-one bundle: Pilots HQ: Gleim Sport Pilot Online Ground School
• Tech resources: Sporty’s Learn To Fly Course
• Bonus content and resources: Rod Machado’s 40-hour Private Pilot eLearning Ground School
• Free ground school: Fly8MA Basic Private Pilot Ground School
• Live instructor access: Pilot Institute Private Pilot Made Easy

Best Sport Pilot License Ground Schools

The sport pilot license (SPL) is a beginner-level certificate similar to the better-known private pilot license (PPL).

The main differences are that sport pilots have more flying restrictions and must fulfill fewer training requirements. While sport pilots don’t need as many flight hours as a PPL, the written and practical exams are very similar. Because of this, many flight schools don’t offer sport pilot ground school and only offer PPL programs.

Taking a PPL ground program to get a sport pilot license may sound strange, but it’s not a bad idea.

PPL knowledge goes above and beyond the requirements for sport pilots. As a sport pilot going through a PPL course, you’ll learn a little more than is required. But in aviation, no knowledge is wasted. The more aeronautical information you can absorb, the better off you’ll be as a pilot.

King Schools

King Schools is a household name in flight training. It’s also one of the only ground schools to offer a program just for sport pilots. Its ground school and test prep companion apps are convenient for offline study. It also offers unlimited practice tests, lifetime course access, and a 30-day money-back guarantee.

Best feature: Sport pilot-specific curriculum

Website: King Schools

Course length: Self-paced modules totaling 7.5 hours of content

Subscription access: Lifetime access and automatic updates

What you’ll learn:

• Airspace
• Weather
• Aircraft performance
• Navigation
• Flying maneuvers
• Check ride and test prep

Price: $299

Gleim Pilots HQ

Pilot’s HQ is an online retailer offering pilot and aircraft supplies, educational resources, apparel, and more. It has a bundle of Gleim products specifically for sport pilots, and it’s an incredible value.

For under $200, the bundle includes online ground school and test prep, a stack of textbooks, and flight planning tools. The Gleim ground school alone is valued at $160 when purchased independently.

This is the only ground school program on this list that includes physical resources. It’s a great buy for anyone on a tight training budget.

Best feature: All-in-one bundle

Website: Pilots HQ

Course length: Average of 35 hours to complete

Subscription access: 12-month access to the program, with extension that can be purchased for 50 percent of the original price if you need more time

What you’ll learn:

• Airports
• Airspace
• Federal aviation regulations
• Aeromedical factors and Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)
• Aviation weather
• Weather services
• Sectional charts and airspace
• Navigation and preflight preparation
• Airplanes and aerodynamics
• Airplane instruments
• Airplane engines and systems
• Airplane performance weight and balance

Price: $199

Sporty’s

The tech-savvy will most enjoy Sporty’s online ground school.

Its 3-D animations, interactive simulation exercises, and 15-plus hours of high-quality video make for a well-rounded ground school experience. Sporty’s has the most diverse compatibility options with learning apps for iOS, Android, Apple TV, and Roku. They also have a strong money-back guarantee—pass both your written exam and check ride or receive a full refund.

Although the course is called “Private Pilot Ground School,” it is noted in the  information that sport pilot topics are covered.

Best feature: Tech resources

Website: Sporty’s

Course length: Approximately 23 hours of material

Subscription access: Lifetime access and updates

What you’ll learn:

• Your first few hours
• Practicing landings
• Your first solo
• Dual cross countries
• Private Pilot Test
• Supplemental training (optional)
• Interactive scenarios (optional)

Price: $299

Rod Machado

Rod Machado is known for his entertaining and memorable teaching style.

The module titles listed below give insight into his punny and clever ways of making dense topics easier to understand. This is one of the longer courses on the list with more than 40 hours of video content.

Try the course for free through the demo module linked on the sales page.

Best feature: Bonus content and resources

Website: Rod Machado

Course length: 40 hours of video content

Subscription access: Lifetime access with automatic updates

What you’ll learn:

• Aerodynamics: The Wing Is the Thing
• Engines: Knowledge of Engines Ist Power
• Electrical Systems: Knowing What’s Watt
• Flight Instruments: Clocks, Tops, and Toys
• Federal Aviation Regulations: How FAR Can We Go?
• Airport Operations: No Doctor Needed
• Radio Operations: Aviation Spoken Here
• Airspace: The Wild Blue, Green, and Red Yonder
• Aviation Maps: The Art of the Chart
• Radio Navigation: The Frequency Flyer Program
• Understanding Weather: Looking for Friendly Skies
• Weather Charts and Briefings: PIREPS, Progs, and METARS
• Flight Planning: Getting There From Here
• Airplane Performance Charts: Know Before You Go
• Weight and Balance: Let’s Wait and Balance
• Pilot Potpourri: Neat Aeronautical Information

Price: $279

Fly8MA

While many ground schools offer a demo module or two, hardly any offer an entire program for free.

Fly8MA provides generous access to its basic private pilot ground school. If you’re just beginning to look for a ground school and are overwhelmed by the choices, start here.

This course can supplement training you’re already doing or serve as a solid first step. There’s always the option to upgrade to a more advanced course and get an endorsement to take the written exam when you’re ready.

Best feature: Free ground school

Website: Fly8MA

Course length: 20 modules with 93 topics

Subscription access: Lifetime access to the free course, with monthly subscriptions available to a larger library of training materials

What you’ll learn:

• Your first flight
• Traffic pattern
• Understanding wind and turns
• AOA and stalls
• Maneuvers and landings
• FARs
• Airspace
• Performance calculations
• VFR charts and navigation
• Aeromedical factors
• Flying at night
• Flight planning
• Test prep

Price: Basic Ground School is free with the option to upgrade for $149 to get an endorsement to take the written exam. Monthly subscriptions to a larger library of training materials start at $79 per month.

Pilot Institute

One thing that many online programs neglect is real-life interaction between instructors and students. Pilot Institute bridges the gap between prerecorded and live instruction.

Its students have access to virtual study groups and a community Facebook group. They can also receive instructor support by online chat, phone, or email. Study with classmates and ask questions as they come up instead of slogging through difficult material alone.

Best feature: Live instructor access and community support

Website: Pilot Institute

Course length: 35 hours of video

Subscription access: Lifetime access

What you’ll learn:

• Introduction to flight training
• Aerodynamics
• Performance and limitations
• Regulations
• Aeronautical decision making
• Weather theory
• Airport operations
• Radio communications
• Airspace
• Charts
• Navigation

Price: $225

What Is a Sport Pilot License?

A sport pilot license is an entry-level type of pilot certificate. It is less expensive and has fewer training requirements than a private pilot license. It also has tighter limitations.

A sport pilot can only fly during the daytime and may only carry one passenger. They are also restricted to flying smaller aircraft and must fly below 10,000 feet MSL.

Sport pilots fly light sport aircraft (LSA), which are very small and lightweight. The typical LSA has no more than two seats and a maximum takeoff weight of 1,320 pounds.

Sport pilots may also be endorsed to fly other categories and classes of light aircraft, such as gliders and balloons.

FAA Sport Pilot License Requirements

Training requirements for sport pilots are much lower and more lenient than with other types of pilot licenses. Only 20 total flight hours are required to qualify for a sport pilot certificate.

Fifteen hours must be with a flight instructor, and five must be solo. Sport pilots can also legally fly without a medical certificate as long as they hold a valid U.S. driver’s license.

Get Your Sport Airplane License Training Off the Ground

A sport pilot certificate is an underrated entry point into the exciting world of aviation.

It’s typically much more affordable and accessible than a standard private pilot license. If you’ve ever thought flying was too expensive or otherwise out of reach, a sport pilot certificate may be your solution.

When choosing a ground school program, don’t overthink it. Getting hung up on this decision can hold you back from your ultimate goal—learning how to fly.

There are many incredible programs on the market. The best way forward is to choose one and dedicate time to completing it. Focus, study hard, and be excited to apply that knowledge to your new role as a licensed pilot.

FAQ

How much does a sport pilot license cost?

Light sport aircraft are usually cheaper to rent and more fuel-efficient than other training aircraft, and sport pilots only need to log 20 hours of training. Because of this, the average sport pilot license costs between $4,000-$6,000.

Is a sport pilot license worth it?

A sport pilot license is a great way to start your piloting journey, especially if you can’t qualify for a medical or just want to fly for fun. It’s much more affordable than other types of pilot certificates, and training takes less time to accomplish.

What can I fly with a sport pilot license?

Sport pilots usually train in light sport aircraft but can be endorsed to fly other light aircraft like gliders and balloons.

The post Best Sport Pilot License Ground Schools appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

• Best of Florida: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
• Best of Georgia: Aero Atlanta Flight Center
• Best of South Carolina: Stratos Aviation
• Best of North Carolina: Blue Line Aviation
• Best of other Southeastern states: ATP Flight School

5 Flight Schools in the Southeast U.S.

The Southeast U.S. is a prime location for flight training due to its great weather, abundance of airports, and high aviation industry presence.

As a result, the Southeast offers a diverse range of top-tier flight schools catering to various pilot aspirations.

Whether your dream is to obtain a private pilot certificate or to get into the cockpit of a major airline jet, there is a flight school for everyone.

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Best of: Florida

Florida is home to many high-quality flight schools. With its great weather year-round and wealth of airports, many aspiring pilots come to this state in pursuit of their flying dreams.

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU), for example, is renowned for its aviation programs. ERAU is an accredited and FAA Part 141-certified institution, meaning it offers structured, syllabus-led programs that produce professional-level pilots with bachelor’s degrees.

Check out other top flight schools and reasons to choose to conduct flight training in Florida.

Location: Daytona Beach

Tuition and Fees: $65,738 per academic year (fall/spring) plus $23,000-$33,000 per year for flight fees for the first two years and $10,000-$15,000 for the third year of flight training

• Private Pilot ASEL: $33,503
• Instrument: $16,924
• Commercial Pilot ASEL: $23,468
• Commercial Pilot AMEL Add-On: $15,137
• Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) ASEL: $16,508
• Certified Flight Instructor Instrument (CFII): $8,299
• Multi-Engine Instructor (MEI): $7,390

Financial Assistance: Yes; private loans and financial aid are available.

Accreditation: Yes

Program Length: 3-4 years

Endorsements: Private Pilot ASEL, Instrument, Commercial Pilot ASEL, Commercial Pilot AMEL Add-On, Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) ASEL, Certified Flight Instructor Instrument (CFII), Multi-Engine Instructor (MEI), ATP-CTP

Fleet: Cessna 172, Diamond DA42-VI

Job Placement: Yes

Virtual Learning: No

Aero Atlanta Flight Center

Best of: Georgia

With more than 800 aviation and aerospace companies based in Georgia, the state is one of the largest hubs for the industry.

As a result, companies such as Aero Atlanta Flight Center are based here, boasting state-of-the-art facilities and a modern fleet of aircraft. As one of the fastest-growing Platinum Cirrus Training Centers nationwide, Aero Atlanta Flight Center trains confident pilots capable of operating high-performance and technically advanced aircraft.

Check out other top flight schools and reasons to choose to conduct flight training in the state of Georgia.

Location: Atlanta and Kennesaw, Georgia

Tuition and Fees:

• Private Pilot ASEL: $31,604-$42,575
• Instrument: $28,000-$36,850

Financial Assistance: No

Accreditation: No

Program Length: 3-4 months per rating

Endorsements: Private Pilot ASEL, Instrument

Fleet: Cirrus SR-20, Cessna 172

Job Placement: No

Virtual Learning: Yes, for certain portions of ground school offered by companies such as Pilot Institute

Stratos Aviation

Best of: South Carolina

Most of the flight training in South Carolina is conducted by experienced instructors in modern aircraft.

 One of those flight schools, Stratos Aviation, offers comprehensive flight training programs in a safe and modern learning environment. It focuses on equipping new pilots with the skills needed for confidence, proficiency, and safety in aviation. It also instills a deep sense of respect for flight and risk management in their students.

Location: Greenville and West Columbia

Tuition and Fees: Catered to each student’s needs. Call the Greenville location at 864-272-6268 or the Columbia location at 803-998-2200.

Financial Assistance: No

Accreditation: No

Program Length: 3-4 months per rating

Endorsements: Private Pilot ASEL, Instrument, Commercial Pilot ASEL, Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) ASEL, Certified Flight Instructor Instrument (CFII)

Fleet: Cirrus SR-20, Cessna 172, Piper PA-28

Job Placement: No

Virtual Learning: Yes, for certain portions of ground school offered by companies such as Sporty’s

Blue Line Aviation

Best of: North Carolina

FLYING’s Flight School Guide is a tool to help students find a flight school, aviation college, or university that’s right for them.

Per the guide, Blue Line Aviation is considered to be one of the top flight schools in the country. It is the perfect fit for student pilots looking to be immersed in training from day one.

Its short, accelerated training schedule gives life to a new career in months. The flight school’s Career Pilot Program takes students from zero time to a MEI in just five and a half months for $115,000.

Location: Smithfield

Tuition and Fees:

• Private Pilot ASEL: $17,500
• Instrument: $16,000
• Commercial Pilot ASEL: $45,500
• Commercial Pilot AMEL Add-On: $7,500- $20,500
• Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) ASEL: $16,000
• Certified Flight Instructor Instrument (CFII): $8,000
• Multi-Engine Instructor (MEI): $18,000

Financial Assistance: Yes

Accreditation: No

Program Length:

• Private Pilot ASEL: 6 weeks
• Instrument: 4 weeks
• Commercial Pilot ASEL: 6 weeks
• Commercial Pilot AMEL Add-On: 3-10 days
• Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) ASEL: 10 days
• Certified Flight Instructor Instrument (CFII): 5 days
• Multi-Engine Instructor (MEI): 1-2 weeks

Endorsements: Private Pilot ASEL, Instrument, Commercial Pilot ASEL, Commercial Pilot AMEL Add-On, Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) ASEL, Certified Flight Instructor Instrument (CFII), Multi-Engine Instructor (MEI)

Fleet: Diamond DA42-VI, Diamond DA40, Diamond DA20, Piper Archer

Job Placement: No

Virtual Learning: Yes, for certain portions of ground school offered by companies such as Gold Seal

ATP Flight School

Best of: Other Southeastern states

ATP Flight School is the largest flight training establishment in the U.S.. Its nationwide network of 78 training centers located in 33 states allows for more efficient scheduling and instructor/examiner availability.

ATP’s Airline Career Pilot Program is one of the fastest professional pilot programs in the country, with a completion time of as little as nine months. If a student is considering becoming a professional airline pilot, this may be the most efficient path to reach that goal.

Locations: Birmingham, Alabama; Little Rock, Arkansas; Louisville, Kentucky; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Memphis, Tennessee; Nashville, Tennessee; Leesburg, Virginia; Manassas, Virginia;, Norfolk, Virginia;; and Richmond, Virginia

Tuition and Fees:

• Airline Direct Track: $185,000
• Airline Career Pilot Program: $86,995- $108,995 (depending on previous experience)
• ATP-CTP: $4,295

Financial Assistance: Yes

Accreditation: Yes

Program Length:

• Airline Direct Track: 11 months
• Airline Career Pilot Program: 6-9 months (depending on previous experience)
• ATP-CTP: 7 days

Endorsements: Private Pilot ASEL, Instrument, Commercial Pilot ASEL, Commercial Pilot AMEL, Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) ASEL, Certified Flight Instructor Instrument (CFII), Multi-Engine Instructor (MEI), ATP-CTP

Fleet: Cessna 172, Piper Archer, Piper Seminole

Job Placement: Yes, pathways to American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines, and more with ATP’s 38 airline partnerships

Virtual Learning: Yes, for certain portions of ground school offered by companies such as Angle of Attack

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Flight School

There are several factors that should be a requirement to consider before committing to a flight school. Let’s explore some of the most important ones.

Location and Weather Conditions

Flight training locations with good weather year-round allow for more flight time, resulting in accelerated training. Choosing a flight school in the Southeast U.S. allows pilots to take advantage of flight training regardless of the season.

Curriculum and Certification Programs

Understanding the curriculum and certification programs offered by the different flight schools allows students to stay focused on their goals as they progress through flight training. Some schools specialize in specific areas, such as obtaining a private pilot certificate and instrument rating, while others are in business to train and develop commercial pilots.

Aircraft Fleet and Maintenance

Learning about each school’s aircraft fleet (i.e., age, size, type) and maintenance program allows students to understand fleet availability. Larger fleets, modern airplanes, and in-house maintenance programs provide for better fleet availability, resulting in accelerated flight training.

Flight Instructor Qualifications and Experience

The quality of flight instructors significantly impacts a student’s learning progress and their ability to complete flight training on schedule. Researching the reputation and qualifications of the instructors at each flight school can provide valuable insights into the learning environment a student can expect.

Cost and Financial Aid Options

The overall cost of flight training, including tuition, flight hours, and additional fees is steep and should be thoroughly considered before choosing a flight school. Students should also investigate which financial aid options, scholarships, and payment plans are available to relieve some of the stress of paying for flight training.

Job Placement Assistance

A strong network and partnership programs can help students connect with career opportunities soon after graduation. Promptly finding a job after completing flight training can help alleviate the stress of accrued flight training costs.

Kick-Start Your Flight Training Today

If your dream is to fly, one of the first steps any aspiring pilot must take is to choose the flight school that will guide them on the path to achieving this dream. Whether it is to obtain a private pilot license (PPL) or become an airline pilot, there is a flight school for everyone.

We hope you enjoyed this curated list of the best flight schools in the Southeast U.S.. We encourage you to apply for an exploration flight and discover for yourself what each flight school has to offer.

FAQ

Which state in the Southeast has the best flight schools?

Florida is home to many high-quality flight schools. With its great weather year-round and abundance of airports, many aspiring pilots come to this state in pursuit of their flying dreams.

What is the best school of aviation in the Southeastern U.S.?

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) is renowned for its school of aviation in the U.S.

Where is Florida Flyers Flight Academy ranked?

Florida Flyers Flight Academy is ranked No. 1 among the best flight schools in the Southeast U.S.

The post Best Flight Schools in the Southeastern U.S. appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

In one exam, due to a complete lack of studying, I scored so low that the professor felt obligated to tell me I could have guessed randomly and statistically scored higher. Soon after, I learned the value of studying and using test prep materials. As one would expect, my grades improved significantly.

These days, study guides, practice exams, online test preparation courses, and other resources make preparing for exams much easier. As part of the team at Altitude University, I speak every day with students who are looking for help passing the FAA’s Part 107 exam. 

The drone industry is expanding, and opportunities for new pilots are almost endless. There are many rules and regulations to learn, and the material can be a bit intimidating. However, if you want to become a drone pilot and fly commercially, the Part 107 remote pilot certification is a must. 

With so many resources available for the exam, selecting the best ones to help you earn your Part 107 drone license can be overwhelming. But don’t worry. This article will provide clarity and guide you toward the most effective resource for your needs.

Resources for Aspiring FAA Commercial Drone Pilots

Compared to now, there were very few resources available for test preparation when I first took the Part 107 license exam in 2017. In contrast, those currently seeking to become a commercial drone pilot have numerous studying options to help them ace the test. 

Let’s discuss a few of the best ones you should consider:

• FAA study materials
• Online courses and training 
• Test prep apps and desktop software
• Books
• Practice tests
• YouTube channels

FAA Study Materials

The FAA provides official study materials, including the FAA Part 107 Study Guide, and sample test questions.

These resources are free but offer only the bare minimum assistance in exam preparation. They address the topics covered on the exam, but most test-takers find that the material isn’t enough to make them feel confident in their ability to pass.

Pros: The materials are online and free for anyone to use.

Cons: Resources are mostly available in a PDF format, and there’s no opportunity to ask questions or receive feedback. 

Who it’s for: Students with a background in crewed aviation, such as licensed private pilots, and already fully understand the material covered in the FAA’s Knowledge Test

Online Courses and Training

In my experience, online courses are the most popular format for Part 107 licensing exam test prep. Courses offered by companies like Altitude University, Gold Seal, and the Pilot Institute combine video lectures with PDF handouts, quizzes, flash cards, and Part 107 practice exams. 

Most courses are taught by experts who also are working commercial drone pilots. Many schools boast thriving social media communities that you can join to enhance your learning experience.

Pros: Self-paced online training is the most popular and affordable training option.

Cons: This isn’t the ideal format for those who prefer fully live instruction. 

Who it’s for: Students who are comfortable not having a live instructor throughout the course

Test Prep Apps and Desktop Software

Test prep apps and software, such as ASA’s Prepware, offer a convenient way to study on the go. They typically include a database of practice questions, detailed explanations, and practice exams.

Prepware includes the same FAA book, figures, and full-color charts you’ll be issued at the Part 107 testing center, making the exam more familiar to test takers.

Pros: This is an excellent resource for those looking to test their knowledge on their own.

Cons: The platform has a somewhat dated look. 

Who it’s for: Those seeking to learn independently without instructor-led videos

Books

Study guides and reference books provide in-depth coverage of exam topics, practice questions, and answers. Many are written by commercial pilots who have worked in the field since the drone pilot test was introduced, and thus bring a wealth of knowledge to the content. 

Online pilot supply stores like Sporty’s count among the best places to find these books.

Pros: Books are excellent resources for anyone who gets impatient with online Part 107 classes.

Cons: Some may find the lack of instructor interaction unconducive to learning.

Who it’s for: Read/write-style learners

Practice Tests

Practice exams are designed to simulate the experience of taking the Part 107 FAA test. It’s important to remember, though, that practice exam questions aren’t identical to the ones found on the exam.

Still, they are similar enough to provide insights into what you can expect from the test. For instance, most drone practice tests use the same format as the actual 60-question, multiple-choice exam. They’re also timed and graded to help you identify which topics to review.

Pros: FAA Part 107 practice tests help aspiring pilots know which topics to focus on.

Cons: Exams aren’t usually designed to actually teach students Part 107 material.

Who it’s for: Students seeking an assessment of their readiness for the drone license test

YouTube Channels

Research indicates that people learn best through videos, which is why most online Part 107 courses are designed around video instruction modules.

YouTube offers a wealth of free videos on all drone-related topics, including remote pilot licenses and the FAA Part 107 exam. The best ones include comprehensive explanations of difficult topics, exam reviews, and study tips. 

Remember that anyone can upload a video to YouTube, so it’s best to look for ones produced by established experts, including content created by reputable Part 107 schools. 

Pros: Videos are available at no cost.

Cons: YouTube content quality is highly variable, so users must seek out videos from reputable sources.

Who it’s for: Future drone pilots seeking to augment their primary study materials or needing a quick refresher the day before the exam

Prepare Yourself by Enrolling in Part 107 Training

Everyone learns differently, but for most students, the most comprehensive and cost effective resources are online Part 107 courses. They offer professional instruction from experienced pilots and educators, ensuring that class content is relevant, accurate, and easy to understand. 

If you are interested in becoming a commercial drone pilot, all you need to do is pass the Part 107 exam. Start your journey today by exploring the resources listed above and see how easy it can be to join this exciting industry.

FAQ

How hard is the Part 107 drone test?

Like any exam, if you take the time to study, you should have no problem passing.

Can you take the FAA 107 test online?

No. The FAA requires the initial Part 107 exam to be taken in person.

How many questions are on the Part 107 test?

The exam consists of 60 multiple-choice questions. You have two hours to complete the test.

How much does the Part 107 test cost?

The cost of the exam is currently $175. 

The post Guide to FAA Part 107 Test Prep appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Business class ticket costs have a way of being all over the map, and especially for popular last-minute flights, the odds of getting a seat in the first place is slim. 

While I must admit that the words “I’ll just take a private jet instead” have never left my mouth, there are plenty of circumstances that warrant them. If you often find yourself on flights between difficult city pairings, traveling with large groups, or in need of highly flexible travel arrangements, you may well have a strong business case for chartering a private jet.

Understanding Commercial Flight Costs

As with any travel option, flying commercially has its pros and cons.

Flying with the airlines often provides fairly direct connections between points A and B, along with basic services that make trips comfortable enough to seem worthwhile. 

In certain cases, costs may be fairly straightforward. If a company is sending a single Dallas-based employee to a conference in Chicago, the base fare for a direct, round trip economy ticket may be less than $200. Not a bad deal.

There are, of course, other fees such as baggage charges, fuel surcharges set at the discretion of the airlines, and taxes. Taxes and fees can often add 15 percent or more to the total cost.

This may still suit a single traveler on a direct route between two major hub cities. But what if the trip begins not in Dallas, but in Abilene, Texas, and rather than terminating in Chicago, it ends in South Bend, Indiana? 

The trip just went from a two and a half hour flight time to a seven or more hour ordeal. All the while, the base economy fare just ballooned from $200 to $800 before any upgrades, add-ons, fees, or taxes. 

First and Business Class Pricing 

Perhaps the traveler needs the peace, quiet and space first or business class fares offer. This might afford them the rest and productivity they need for whatever the trip holds in store, but the base fare also doubles or triples or more as a result.

For the round trip Abilene to South Bend example, a weekday business class fare scheduled a few days in advance can run around $1,500 per person. If a seven-person executive team is traveling together, this now costs more than $12,000 at face value if booked within a week of travel. 

Keep in mind as well that business class fares often offer fewer flight options. Thus, even nonstop business class fares do not necessarily make good solutions for those who require flexibility. 

Hidden Costs of Flying Commercial

Other costs might be of interest as well.

An in-flight internet connection, for instance, could add another $20 per person for a round trip. Premium food and beverage selections can add up. Additional luggage considerations to bring presentation materials or demonstration equipment might add hundreds more to a ticket.

Even if travelers opt against business class, if they need more space than a basic economy ticket allotted, they might still upgrade to a premium seat that could add another $100 or more to each ticket. Groups of travelers who want or need to sit together will often need to pay fees to reserve specific groups of seats as well.

Demystifying Private Jet Charter Costs

Costs associated with jet charters are generally driven by a handful of factors, but under the right circumstances, may be lower than flying commercially.

These include the trip’s distance and billable flight time, number of seats required, and other add-on services, such as ground transportation or catering.

Hourly Rates and Factors Affecting Cost 

Private jet charters are usually charged by the hour, and costs are primarily driven by aircraft size and total trip distances.

Hourly rates for private jets can range from somewhere around $1,500-$2,000 for small light jets to more than $15,000 for large jets, such as the Gulfstream G650.

The exact base rates will often be most heavily influenced by factors like fuel prices and crew requirements.

Additional Fees of Private Jets

Beyond base hourly rates, expect additional costs driven by fuel surcharges, ground handling and landing fees, crew requirements, in-flight catering, ground transportation, and any overnight expenses.

While not all of these are unique to flying private, their sum still plays a large role in your trip’s final cost.

Bear in mind that some companies—for instance, NetJets—offer solutions with no separately charged items or services.

Cost-Sharing Options of Private Jets

Even when it is an effective option, private flight still comes with high costs.

That is why it is crucial to select the most effective aircraft for the mission.

Be careful to match the plane’s seating and performance capabilities closely to the trip’s requirements. Consider consolidating as many travelers as feasible onto a single flight or sharing the flight and splitting costs with other companies or individuals with similar travel plans.

Additionally, ask charter companies about other options like “empty-leg” flights. These discounted one-way trips help those companies monetize necessary repositioning flights that would otherwise carry no passengers. These may require somewhat more flexibility on your part but often come with substantial cost savings.

For those who fly regularly, fractional jet ownership through a company like NetJets may be a cost-effective alternative to chartering.

Fractional ownership essentially offers guaranteed access to an aircraft. This access is usually based on a set number of prepurchased flight hours. Ownership is generally sold in terms of shares of an aircraft’s total annual flight hours. So, for example, an eighth share of an aircraft that will fly 800 hours in a year gives the fractional owner access to 100 flight hours during that year.

Fractional ownership is often a more cost-effective and reliable solution for frequent fliers than chartering, while it also eliminates many of the complexities of full ownership.

Fractional owners can expect simple fixed costs. These often include some form of a capital cost, monthly management fee, occupied hourly rate, and fuel adjustments. Owners may also have the option to resell unused portions of their share when their contract ends.

Cost Comparison: Private Jet vs. Commercial

The potential for cost savings with private aviation against first or business class most often comes with group travel and time savings.

The group of round trip business class travelers mentioned earlier might spend $12,000 and seven hours each way traveling between Abilene, Texas, and South Bend, Indiana. The same group on a private jet rental might spend only three hours each way for less than $10,000 round trip. 

The best way to get a clear grasp on total costs and to build a solution for your needs is to contact a reputable charter operator or broker such as Leviate Air Group or Trilogy Aviation Group.

Factors to Consider Beyond Cost

Cost considerations aside, private aviation primarily offers flexibility.

Travelers are free to arrange their plans around personal schedules while also accessing thousands of additional airports worldwide. Business travelers, or those simply looking for a more comfortable experience, will appreciate unparalleled privacy, and freedom from the distractions inherent to commercial flights.

Security is enhanced as well with fewer safety variables to consider than when transiting major public airports. 

Perhaps the most significant complications with traveling by way of private jet rental are environmental considerations.

It should come as no surprise that travelers are responsible for much higher carbon emissions per passenger when compared to commercial flight. Many feel it is important to weigh the benefits against the environmental footprint. Heightened awareness and passion around global climate change has led to increased scrutiny of the roles private aviation— and those who utilize it. 

In addition to any personal reservations travelers may have, they may also need to contend with how private air travel might impact public perceptions of themselves or their companies. Some choose to consider participating in various carbon offset programs to help minimize the impact of their travel requirements.

Find a Charter Partner to Meet Your Budget

Choosing private jet travel over first and business class must make sense for your specific situation and travel needs. But when it does make sense, private aviation offers unparalleled flexibility, comfort, and privacy.

Consider connecting with reputable charter carriers or fractional ownership companies like Leviate Air Group, Trilogy Aviation, or NetJets. Experienced companies like these can tailor their services to fit your budget and preferences.

Take the next step by reaching out for personalized consultations and discover how private jet travel can elevate your flying experience.

FAQ

Is it cheaper to fly first class or private?

Commercial first-class is generally less expensive for individual travelers, but private jets can be more cost-effective for group travel or when traveling between cities and airports without direct flights.

Is it worth it to charter a private jet?

Chartering a private jet can be worthwhile when flexibility, privacy, and personalization is needed. Private jet charters are particularly cost-effective for groups large enough to fill a plane or for travelers with unique scheduling needs.

Is it cheaper to fly in a private jet?

Private jet charters are generally more expensive than commercial flights but can be very cost-effective for groups or when considering the value of time saved and the convenience offered.

The post Cost of Chartering a Private Jet vs. Flying Commercial appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Several of my classmates went on to fly military aircraft while I ran around on the ground as a Marine Corps officer. Most of us are now out of the military. Even so, since getting my Part 107 certification, I have joked with several of them that flying my drone is just as sexy as flying fighter jets.

While drones may not become the aircraft featured in the next installation of the Top Gun franchise, they continue to grow in importance. The drone industry is growing every year, and signs point to the trend continuing through at least 2050.

Pilots of crewed aircraft (Part 61 license-holders) will find passing the Part 107 certification exam much easier than the general public. That’s because fixed-wing pilots will already know roughly 75 percent of the material from previous FAA exams and experience. The remaining 25 percent is specific to drones.

There are three key reasons you should consider obtaining a Part 107 if you are already flying:

• There are several benefits to having a Part 107.
• You already know 75 percent of the exam material.
• The process for getting a drone pilot license is easy.

Top Benefits of Commercial Drone Pilot Certification

As a crewed aircraft pilot, you’re clearly committed to a career in aviation. Drone technology is proving invaluable across a growing number of industries, and in many cases their uses relate to work already carried out by private and commercial pilots. 

Adding a Part 107 certification can be advantageous to you on several levels.

Expanded Career Opportunities

Obtaining a Part 107 certification opens up a wide range of career opportunities.

For example, drones are becoming indispensable in real estate, agriculture, construction, and first responder operations. As a certified drone operator, you can provide aerial photography, surveying, and inspection services, all of which are in high demand.

Becoming a certified remote pilot allows you to work as a freelance drone operator or consultant offering specialized services that can diversify your professional portfolio beyond traditional piloting roles.

Enhanced Skill Set

Adding a Part 107 certification to your credentials enhances your skill set, making you more adaptable as a pilot.

Drones use advanced technologies, including sophisticated navigation systems, sensors, and data collection tools. By mastering these technologies, you can increase your technical expertise in ways that improve your proficiency at your primary job. 

These dual capabilities demonstrate that you are at the forefront of technological advancements in aviation, ensuring you remain relevant and competitive.

Overhead Reduction

Drones can offer significant cost savings when compared to traditional aircraft. By eliminating or reducing the fuel and maintenance expenses of crewed flights, you’re able to perform tasks such as aerial surveys, inspections, and photography much more economically. 

This cost-saving potential, in turn, makes you more attractive to employers and clients looking for efficient ways to complete projects.

Increased Regulatory Knowledge

Holding both a crewed aircraft pilot’s license and the Part 107 drone certification demonstrates an in-depth understanding of aviation regulations and safety protocols.

 It highlights your commitment to upholding FAA regulations, helping you build credibility with clients and employers while preventing you from making costly mistakes.

Competitive Advantage

Dual certification gives you an edge in the job market.

Employers and clients value pilots with diverse experience in both crewed and uncrewed aircraft. Adding a Part 107 to your other certifications showcases your dedication to professional development. 

By obtaining a Part 107 certification, crewed aircraft pilots can significantly enhance their career prospects, skill set, cost efficiency, regulatory knowledge, and market competitiveness, making it a valuable addition to their professional credentials.

Part 107 Exam Key Topics

The FAA Part 107 exam covers a comprehensive range of subject matter designed to ensure commercial drone pilots have the necessary knowledge to safely and legally operate UAVs. The exam consists of 60 multiple-choice questions, with a score of 70 percent (at least 42 correct answers) or higher required to pass.

Regulations

Questions related to regulations make up 15-25 percent of the exam. This section includes operational rules under Part 107, the requirements for obtaining and maintaining a remote pilot certificate, and the process for applying for waivers for specific regulations. 

Airspace Classification and Operating Requirements

This is a topic that crewed aircraft pilots will find easy to understand. For these questions, you will identify the various airspace classes (Class A, B, C, D, E, and G), restricted and prohibited areas, temporary flight restrictions (TFRs), and the process for obtaining airspace authorizations. This section also accounts for 15-25 percent of the questions.

Weather

Weather-related questions account for 11-16 percent of the exam. You will need to demonstrate your understanding of how various weather conditions, such as wind, visibility, and temperature, affect commercial drone operations. Familiar sources for official weather information (METARs and TAFs) are also covered in this section. 

Loading and Performance

Loading and performance, focusing on how weight and balance affect drone performance and assessing performance data under various conditions, comprise 7-11 percent.

Operations

The remaining 35-45 percent covers operations. Questions in this section include emergency procedures, crew resource management, knowledge of radio communication procedures, and airport operations, including runways, taxiways, and avoiding crewed aircraft. Operations questions also address physiological factors affecting pilot performance, such as health and medication, as well as maintenance and inspection procedures. Finally, it includes rules and safety procedures for night operations.

Overall, the Part 107 exam ensures that remote pilots are well-prepared to safely and effectively integrate small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) operations into the national air space by covering a broad range of crucial topics. 

Steps to Obtain FAA Part 107 Drone License Certification

The process involves several easy steps for crewed aircraft certification holders interested in obtaining a Part 107 certification. Each step is designed to ensure a comprehensive understanding of drone regulations and safe operating practices.

1. Understand Part 107 requirements.

The first step is to familiarize yourself with FAA Part 107 drone program governance, which regulates the commercial use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Part 107 laws cover operational limitations, requirements for remote pilot certification, and rules for maintaining sUAS. 

2. Study for the Knowledge Test.

Although private pilot license (PPL) holders already have significant aviation knowledge, the Part 107 certification requires you to demonstrate an understanding of drone operations. Topics you may need to become more familiar with include weather effects on drones, drone maintenance, and emergency procedures when operating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). 

Even if you’ve been flying for many years, it’s important to study the topics that are specific to drones. You will find many resources available to help prepare you for the exam, including the FAA’s study guide, online courses, books, and Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 107 practice tests.

3. Schedule the test.

Next, schedule the Part 107 Aeronautical Knowledge Test at an FAA-approved knowledge testing center. There are currently more than 800 testing centers in the U.S. The test consists of 60 multiple-choice questions that must be completed within two hours. You need a score of at least 70 percent to pass.

4. Take the Part 107 exam.

On the test day, bring a government-issued photo ID. The testing center will provide everything else. After passing the test, you will receive a knowledge test report with a unique identification number.

5. Complete FAA Form 8710-13.

With the knowledge test report in hand, complete FAA Form 8710-13, available on the FAA’s Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application (IACRA) website. This form is an application for a remote pilot certificate with an small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) rating.

6. Pass the TSA Background Check.

Once the application is submitted, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) conducts a security background check. This step is usually pretty straightforward for PPL holders as you have already passed similar checks.

7. Receive Your Certificate.

Upon successful completion of the background check, you will receive a temporary remote pilot certificate, allowing you to start operating drones commercially. The permanent certificate arrives by mail and can take up to several months if the FAA is backed up.

8. Maintain Your Part 107

To maintain your Part 107 certification, you must complete recurrent training every 24 months to ensure your knowledge stays current with the latest regulations and safety practices. The training and test are both free and online.

One of the Simplest Aerial Maneuvers You Can Make

If you’ve been on the fence about getting your drone license, hopefully this article has made your decision-making process easier.

By following these steps, private pilots can add the Part 107 certification to their credentials, enhancing their marketability and opening new professional opportunities in the growing field of drone operations. 

As a private pilot your experience and knowledge of FAA regulations makes you well suited to become a commercial drone pilot. Unlock the many benefits of the Part 107 by signing up for an online or in-person course today or by reviewing the FAA study guide on your own. 

FAQ

How much does it cost to get a Part 107 drone license?

It costs $175 to take the exam, but optional study materials and training courses typically cost anywhere from $99 to $350 depending on the provider. Research offerings from reputable schools such as The Pilot Institute, Sporty’s, and Altitude University for detailed prices.

Can a private pilot fly commercial drones without a Part 107?

No. Even with a pilot certificate issued under Part 61, the FAA requires you to have a Part 107 to fly drones commercially.

How does Part 107 certification impact pilot insurance?

Typically the insurance you carry on crewed aircraft will not cover you for commercial drone operations. You will need to get additional insurance. Commercial drone insurance is very affordable.

What kind of training is available for pilots to prepare for the Part 107 exam?

Pilots will find there are excellent online courses, books, and other materials through trusted providers such as Sporty’s, and study aids on YouTube.

The post How Crewed Plane Pilots Can Get a Part 107 appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

From the earliest days of my aviation journey, I saw the way fog obscured the terrain around me during early morning flights. There were cross-country trips that were cut short when forecast cloud bases proved inconsistent with reality. Moonless night flights over dim farmland opened my eyes to how easy it might be to fatally confuse scattered street lights for stars. 

I don’t always need to file an IFR plan or fly in actual instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Yet the skills, tools, and options that accompany the rating help keep me flying safely when my prior personal minimums or the regulations themselves would otherwise have grounded me. 

Most importantly, those same skills, tools, and options make for much safer pilots in all conditions.

What Are FAA Instrument Flight Rules?

Most GA flights operate under visual flight rules, or VFR.

For the uninitiated, VFR requires that conditions be such that pilots can look outside the cockpit and safely fly using external visual cues. Perhaps the most obvious scenario this rules out is flight through clouds. With few exceptions, pilots will continuously maintain visual contact with the ground. 

This is not, of course, descriptive of many flights. Aircraft regularly fly through clouds and other low-visibility conditions quite safely. This is made possible through the use of instrument flight rules, commonly referred to as IFR. 

To act as pilot in command (PIC) in actual IMC outside of a training context, you need an instrument rating for the category of aircraft to be flown and must maintain a specific standard of instrument currency. Likewise, aircraft must be properly equipped and up to the task.

Although pilots must be on an IFR flight plan to enter IMC, appropriately qualified pilots can file in any weather conditions. They are indeed required to do so if they plan to enter Class A airspace. 

Regardless of whether filing is necessary, IFR flight plans are powerful tools that enhance coordination between pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCs). They provide important layers of planning and situational awareness to the benefit of everyone in the sky. 

Instrument Rating Prerequisites

Instrument-rated pilots are statistically much safer pilots, so there’s enormous value in obtaining an instrument rating. This is true even for those who have no intention of ever entering IMC on their own. 

Before calling up a local CFII, there are a few up-front requirements, per 14 CFR 61.65.

• Private pilot certificate: Instrument-rating applicants must hold a current private pilot certificate with a rating appropriate to the intended instrument rating. In other words, if the rating qualifies the pilot for instrument flight in airplanes, they must hold a private pilot certificate with an airplane rating as opposed to a helicopter rating. It is also possible, though much less common, to apply for both a private pilot certificate and instrument rating at the same time. 
• Current medical certificate: In order for a private pilot and, by extension, an instrument-rated pilot to act as PIC, a current medical certificate is necessary. Any class of medical certificate will do. BasicMed also counts. 
• English proficiency: The applicant needs to be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. Certain exceptions exist for those unable to meet this requirement due to medical conditions, but these usually come with operating limitations.
• Flight experience: Applicants need at least 50 hours of cross-country PIC time and at least 10 of those hours must be in an airplane. 

Instrument Rating Part 61 vs. 141

It’s worth pausing here to recognize that not all of the above requirements apply to all candidates. The list applies most directly to students training under FAR Part 61, which is generally descriptive of most students training part-time with local schools or independent flight instructors. 

Those training with Part 141 schools have somewhat different requirements. Most notable is the lack of a 50-hour, cross-country flight time requirement. Part 141 students must log slightly fewer total instrument training hours from 40 hours under Part 61 to 35 under Part 141.

Breaking Down the Instrument Rating Requirements

With basic prerequisites out of the way, it is time to begin training. As mentioned above, students in Part 141 schools have slightly different requirements, but those training under Part 61 must meet the following instrument rating requirements.

Ground Training Requirements

Instrument students are required to receive relevant ground training.

Although there is no defined hour requirement, this training must be logged. Ground training can be accomplished using an online home-study course or with an in-person, authorized instructor. 

Aeronautical knowledge training must include the following, per 14 CFR 61.55(b):

• Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that apply to flight operations under IFR
• Appropriate information that applies to flight operations under IFR in the Aeronautical Information Manual
• Air traffic control system and procedures for instrument flight operations
• IFR navigation and approaches by use of navigation systems
• Use of IFR en route and instrument approach procedure charts
• Procurement and use of aviation weather reports and forecasts and the elements of forecasting weather trends based on that information and personal observation of weather conditions
• Safe and efficient operation of aircraft under instrument flight rules and conditions
• Recognition of critical weather situations and windshear avoidance
• Aeronautical decision making and judgment
• Crew resource management, including crew communication and coordination

Home-study ground school courses are a popular option for initial ground study, especially in preparation for the written knowledge test. Most of these utilize online delivery methods and give students the ability to learn in small chunks at their own pace. 

Online delivery also means students can study on the go, all while paying much less than they would for traditional in-person training. 

Knowledge Test

Assuming an instrument rating applicant does not already hold an instrument rating for another category of aircraft, they must pass a written knowledge test. The instrument knowledge test is based on the aeronautical knowledge topics above.

In order to take the written knowledge test, an applicant simply needs to be at least 15 years old, have a valid FTN (an FAA tracking number), and be endorsed to take the test by an authorized instructor. This may entail a written logbook endorsement, or if a home-study course was used, a printable training record endorsement. 

Applicants must schedule a time to sit for the written knowledge test at an FAA-designated testing center. Before beginning the exam, they must present valid and current identification. 

The test is administered on a computer at the testing center and includes 60 multiple-choice questions. Test-takers have up to two hours to complete the exam and must receive a score of at least 70 to pass. 

Missed questions will generate a series of codes printed on the final score report. These codes reference the knowledge areas those questions dealt with and will be reviewed with candidates during the oral exam portion of their checkride. Test results are valid for up to 24 calendar months.

Instrument Flight Training Requirements

The FAA requires that instrument applicants in airplanes receive and log at least 40 hours of actual or simulated instrument time. These should include at least 15 with an appropriately rated instructor and must cover the following areas of operation: 

• Preflight preparation
• Preflight procedures
• Air traffic control clearances and procedures
• Flight by reference to instruments
• Navigation systems
• Instrument approach procedures
• Emergency operations
• Postflight procedures

This time will also include a training flight of at least 250 nm with an authorized instructor using a filed IFR flight plan. The flight must include three different kinds of instrument approaches, including at least one at each airport.

At least three instrument training hours with an instructor should be logged within two calendar months before a checkride.

All flight training must take place in an aircraft appropriate to the instrument rating sought. There are provisions, however, for the use of flight simulators and training devices. These include full flight simulators (FFS), flight training devices (FTD), basic aviation training devices (BATD), and advanced aviation training devices (AATD). 

These devices must be FAA approved, and students must conduct the training time under an authorized instructor’s supervision. The most common situation is for students to count up to 10 hours of instrument training time received in a BATD or up to 20 hours in an AATD.

Practical Test (Check Ride)

The practical test, or check ride, is a universally nervous day. Even so, candidates who are well prepared should feel confident. They can expect an oral exam and a flight exam, each of which will take around two hours. 

While there is a lot of information to know and skills to perform, there are no surprises on the day of the check ride thanks to the Airman Certification Standards (ACS).

The ACS is a powerful tool that lays out the detailed standards candidates must meet during the practical test. Although the FAA is careful to emphasize that the ACS is not a training document, a thorough review should be an integral part of checkride preparation.

Ready to Begin Your Instrument Training Journey?

Are you ready to fly “in the soup?” You’ll need your instrument rating to make a career as a pilot.

But even if flying is purely a hobby, why not equip yourself with every tool you can to enjoy the gift of flight as fully and safely as possible? 

An instrument rating sharpens aeronautical decision-making, refines both instrument and general flying skills, and makes for safer pilots. Why are you waiting? 

FAQ

What airspace requires a current instrument rating?

An instrument rating is required to enter Class A airspace because flights in Class A airspace must be on an IFR flight plan. Class A generally includes all airspace beginning at 18,000 feet msl and extends up to and includes FL 600.

How hard is it to get an instrument rating?

Instrument ratings require diligent study and serious dedication. Even so, instrument ratings are not just for airline pilots. Every pilot with the means to do so should consider pursuing an instrument rating. 

How quickly can you get your instrument rating?

You can earn an instrument rating in a couple of weeks if you meet prerequisites, study full time, and schedule a checkride immediately. Most part-time students who train at least two or three times per week should take between two to four months.

The post How to Meet Instrument Rating Requirements appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

If you’re looking to charter a flight, it’s important to compare estimates from at least a few private jet providers. While some offer all-inclusive quotes meant to cover each expense under one price, others itemize theirs so you can see what you’re paying for. 

Neither approach necessarily accounts for every charge, making it even more important to know what to look for. Keep reading to learn about 11 expenses that are sometimes not included in estimates for private jet charters.

Why Charter a Private Jet?

One of the biggest benefits of chartering a private flight is flexibility. While commercial carriers operate on strict schedules and routes, private charters fly virtually whenever and wherever the traveler chooses.

There also is, of course, the element of privacy. High-profile celebrities and politicians may prefer a private charter over the complications of using public transit. Sports teams, film crews, or corporate officers may need to travel together to a specific destination. Some charter companies, such as Trilogy Aviation Group, specialize in corporate charters. 

Even if there’s no need to avoid the public eye, flying privately is comfortable and convenient for many individuals and groups.

What Factors into the Cost of a Charter Flight?

Chartering an airplane goes beyond just renting the aircraft. The price of a charter typically encompasses all of the operational costs required to make the flight happen. These basic expenses include crew salaries, fuel, and airport fees, among others.

Additional charges may be in the form of optional upgrades, extra services, or trip-specific costs. Many charter companies, for instance NetJets, offer membership packages that help make pricing more predictable.

What Is the Standard Price for a Private Jet Rental?

Aircraft charters are usually priced by the flight hour. The longer the flight, the more expensive it will be. Cost also varies with the type of airplane being chartered. Some jets burn more fuel or require more expensive maintenance than others. 

Without factoring in any variables, a private jet charter can cost anywhere from $1,500 to $15,000 per hour.

Additional Costs That Are Often Overlooked

After the base rate for the aircraft, other fees come from the unique circumstances of the flight. Flying at unusual hours, during holidays, or internationally will likely make the flight more expensive. Some charter companies also offer à la carte onboard and ground services. 

The point is, many variables can drive up the price of charter jet services above providers’ estimates. Here are 11 of the most common charter fees and costs you may not have considered:

Fuel Surcharges

While a base rate for fuel is likely factored into the hourly cost, fuel prices fluctuate. Initial quotes for a private charter flight only include a fuel estimate, not the actual price. A light or midsize jet may burn 80 to 300 gallons of fuel per hour, depending on the type of airplane.

Landing and Ramp Fees

Many airports charge a fee to land or park an airplane. A parking fee is also known as a ramp fee. Some airports waive one or both of them if a certain amount of fuel is purchased. Each airport sets its own rules and prices, so costs vary by destination.

Overnight Fees

If an aircraft needs to park overnight, expect additional charges from both the airport and flight crew. Pilots and other required staff are compensated for time away from home, not just the flight time.

Repositioning

Repositioning happens when an airplane is scheduled to fly out of a different airport than its original location. 

Let’s say an aircraft is based in Dallas but is booked for a flight out of Nashville, Tennessee. The client may need to pay for the empty airplane’s travel to Nashville. These fees also apply when a client wants to depart from a different airport than the arrival destination.

Trilogy Aviation Group uses these repositioning flights as a chance to offer much lower fares. With Trilogy, clients can book an “empty leg” charter flight and save up to 75 percent compared to normal charter rates. If your desired itinerary happens to line up with a repositioning flight, it’s a great opportunity to cut some major costs.

Deicing

In colder climates aircraft deicing services may be necessary, particularly in the winter. This entails applying de-icing fluid to an aircraft, which removes and prevents ice formation.

Planes can’t fly safely with ice on their wings, so associated fees are non-negotiable. 

Catering

Plan for a catering fee to cover the costs of special food, drink, and service requests. You may be asked to submit meal orders in advance, which will give you a better idea of what to expect on your invoice. 

Some private airplane charters take special meal requests, facilitated by a flight attendant who buys ingredients beforehand, then prepares and serves the food in-flight.

Ground Transportation

A rental car or transportation service can be arranged in advance to meet an airplane on the ground when it lands. Many private charter companies will coordinate this on clients’ behalf for an additional fee.

International Travel Fees

International flying comes with extra costs and paperwork. The pilots will typically handle the necessary forms for the trip, but the expense is passed on to the charter client. Expect international fees to apply whenever a flight crosses a national border.

Peak Travel Surcharges

If your trip takes place on or near a major holiday, there could likely be peak travel charges. Airports are busier, pilots are receiving holiday pay, and flights are in high demand. These factors could all increase the price of the jet charter.

Trip Cancellation

Just like with many types of services, cancellation fees may be incurred. Typically the closer you are to the scheduled flight time, the higher the cost. Read each provider’s cancellation policy before booking to understand how the fee may be applied.

Membership

Paying a membership fee to a private charter company can be a great option for those planning to fly private multiple times a year.

Memberships also can be a great way to get more predictable pricing on private charters. They often include a set number of flight hours at a flat annual rate.

If a membership isn’t being fully used, however, it could become an additional expense that makes private flying more expensive in the long run.

How to Accurately Compare Private Jet Charter Costs

With so many potential extra fees, the best way to compare costs is to get multiple detailed estimates. 

Most charter companies have web pages where you can submit quote request forms. When completing them, provide as much information about your trip as possible. The more detail provided, the more accurate your quote will be. If the response feels incomplete or unclear, you can always ask for an itemized estimate.

You can also look for online cost comparison tools to get a better idea of what your private jet charter will cost.

Educate Yourself Before Making a Decision

When booking a private jet charter, remember that many factors can play into the total cost of the flight. If your travel plans are clear and you know what amenities you’ll need, obtaining an accurate quote will be easy. 

Keep these cost-driving variables in mind, and ask charter companies for more details if you aren’t sure about anything. They’ll be happy to outline your options and provide clear expectations for your private charter flight.

FAQ

What is the average cost of a private jet charter?

Many factors go into determining the cost of a private jet charter. The average cost is around $10,000 per hour but may vary significantly depending on the circumstances.

Is it cheaper to fly in a private jet?

It is not usually cheaper to fly on a private jet than it is to fly on a commercial carrier.

Is it worth it to charter a private jet?

For an individual or group requiring privacy or a specific travel itinerary, a private jet charter may be worth the cost.

The post What Are the Hidden Costs of Private Jet Charters? appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Airlines place a large amount of emphasis on the safety of their operations, all while ensuring their pilots adhere to the highest level of standards. To do so, airlines designate check airmen to conduct line checks, flight checks, competency checks, etc. to ensure all standards are appropriately met.

In the context of FAA regulations and airline operations, the terms check pilot and check airman are synonymous. The term check pilot is aimed to be more inclusive, therefore, the FAA and aviation industry members, including airlines, are gradually transitioning to the use of the term check pilot.

Nevertheless, both terms refer to a pilot approved by the airline and the FAA who has the knowledge, training, experience, and demonstrated ability to evaluate and certify the knowledge and skills of other pilots. So, whether you encounter a check pilot or a check airman, they serve the same purpose in the context of evaluating and certifying pilots’ abilities.

What Is a Check Airman?

A check airman is a pilot approved by the airline and the FAA who has the knowledge, training, experience, and demonstrated ability to evaluate and certify the knowledge and skills of other pilots. Check airmen can conduct checks and instruction in an aircraft, a flight simulator, or a flight training device.

The following information outlines the attributes, qualifications, duties and responsibilities, as well as salary expectations of a check airman.

Check Airman Attributes

Check airmen are some of the best pilots at the airlines. They are often recommended for this position by their peers and leaders (e.g., chief pilot) due to their highly desirable attributes. Some of the top qualities of a check airman include airmanship, character, communication skills, and professionalism.

Check airman candidates are skilled crewmembers who are dedicated to safety as well as professional and productive operations at an airline. They have the ability to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of a procedure or the performance of a crew. Check airmen can also relate to and work well with others and organize their efforts and activities, all while providing a climate conducive to learning.

Check Airman Qualifications

Check airmen must possess a minimum number of hours as pilot in command, as well as a minimum number of hours in the type aircraft in which instruction and evaluation will be conducted. Previous experience as a flight instructor or a check airman can be an advantage when being considered for the position.

Check airmen are generally recommended for the position by their peers and leaders. Once recommended, they must successfully complete a preselection process, which involves the evaluation and approval by various members of the airline leadership team to be selected for the check airman position.

Check Airman Duties and Responsibilities

Check airmen represent the airline and the FAA. Therefore, they must be knowledgeable in applicable FAA regulations and publications, airline policies, procedures, training requirements, and aircraft systems.

Check airmen monitor and evaluate pilot compliance and ensure standardization through proper training. They are also responsible for staying current with their own flight proficiency and instructor/evaluator qualifications.

Check Airman Salary

Every airline has its own pilot contract that determines the pay structure for its flight crews. Typically, salaries vary based on which pilot seat the crewmember occupies (i.e., captain or first officer), which aircraft type they fly, and how long they have been in that seat.

Check airmen are generally compensated an additional hourly rate due to their added duties and responsibilities. Most check airmen are experienced and seasoned captains, positioning them towards the top of the pay scale.

Types of Check Airmen

Although every airline has its own variation of check airman designations, this list provides a general overview of the types of check airmen that may be appointed at the major airline level.

Line Check Airman

Check airmen who are authorized to conduct proficiency and line checks are also known as line check airmen. They are authorized to conduct the training and evaluation of line pilots in the aircraft.

Their responsibilities include standardizing and properly executing standard operating procedures among the line pilots.

All Check Airman

Check airmen are authorized to conduct all checks, conduct training and evaluation of line pilots in both the simulator and the aircraft. They are also responsible for the standardization and proper execution of standard operating procedures among the line pilots.

Lead Check Airman

Lead check airmen are responsible for ensuring standardization among the fleet’s check airmen. They conduct observations, training, and evaluations of each one.

These individuals are also responsible for many administrative tasks and special projects assigned by the airline.

Aircrew Program Designee (APD)

APDs are check airmen who conduct evaluations of line pilots as FAA authorized designees (i.e., FAA check airmen) for the approval of new aircraft type ratings. Additionally, they perform the standard duties and responsibilities of check airmen.

Types of Checks Conducted by Check Airmen

Check airmen conduct flight training and checks according to an airline’s approved training program. The program dictates whether the training will be conducted in a flight simulator or an aircraft.

Initial/Recurrent Training and Checking in a Simulator

Much of initial and recurrent pilot training and checking is conducted in a simulator. Simulators offer practical, efficient, and safe training and checking experiences, making them a valuable tool for skill development.

Some events conducted in a simulator include maneuvers validations and line operational evaluations (LOE).

Initial/Recurrent Training and Checking in an Aircraft

Certain training program events, however, must be demonstrated and evaluated in an actual aircraft. These events are meant to evaluate a flight crew’s ability to carry out normal and emergency procedures.

Some events conducted in an aircraft include initial operating experience (IOE), as well as proficiency and line checks.

Selecting a Flight School

Finding the right flight school is the first step in every professional pilot’s flight journey. When selecting a flight school, it is important to consider whether it offers curriculums geared towards training and developing professional pilots.

After receiving their private pilot license and instrument rating, pilots should look for flight schools that offer commercial pilot training, certificated flight instructor (CFI) training, and eventually Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) training. Although becoming a CFI isn’t a requirement for becoming a check airman at the major airlines, it may offer pilots under consideration a distinct advantage. 

Another thing to consider when selecting a flight school is whether it has airline partnerships and job placement opportunities. Many established flight schools offer varying degrees of training and opportunities to get a professional pilot to the airline level.

Online Resources

There are many online resources available to assist individuals in advancing their careers to the next level. Here are some geared toward obtaining commercial pilot, flight instructor, and airline transport pilot certificates, which are required of major airline check airmen.

• Pilot Institute offers the Commercial Pilot Made Easy online ground school to help students pass the FAA commercial pilot exam.
• Sporty’s Commercial Pilot Training Course offers complete preparation for the commercial pilot FAA knowledge test and all the tools pilots need to ace their oral exam and flight test.
• ASA provides several resources for those interested in advancing their careers to the next level by obtaining commercial pilot and airline transport pilot certificates.
• Angle of Attack boasts the Checkride ACE Commercial course to get pilots ready for the commercial pilot oral and practical tests.
• Rod Machado offers free eTeaching Tools for flight instructors to make their jobs easier and more enjoyable.
• King Schools has online ground school and test prep courses for commercial pilot, flight instructor, and airline transport pilot candidates.
• Pilots HQ provides commercial pilot and flight instructor training kits.
• FLY 8MA offers the Commercial Pilot ASEL Checkride Prep Boot Camp and CFI written, oral, and checkride prep courses.
• Wifi CFI teaches commercial pilot and flight instructor courses, as well as an ample amount of flight instructor tools.

The Path to Becoming a Check Airman

Once at the airlines, there is no one, set way of becoming a check airman.

However, check airmen are some of the best pilots, instructors, and evaluators at an airline. They possess certain attributes and experiences that make them stand out as leaders in this role. To be considered for the position, check airman candidates must also meet the necessary FAA and  airline job requirements.

If your goal is to become a check airman at a major airline, it is important to make your intentions clear early in your career and establish relationships with people that can help you get there in the least amount of time. Having a mentor is a great way to work with someone who can assist you with creating a path catered to your career goals.

Finally, check airmen are often individuals that go above and beyond the line of duty, so don’t be afraid to put yourself out there, take on extra responsibilities, and become a leader others can rely on.

FAQ

What is a check pilot?

A check pilot is a pilot approved by an airline and the FAA who has the knowledge, training, experience, and demonstrated ability to evaluate and certify the knowledge and skills of other pilots.

What is the difference between a check pilot and a check airman?

There is no difference between a check pilot and a check airman. The terms are synonymous and used interchangeably within the aviation industry.

What are the different types of check airmen?

The different types of check airmen vary based on each airline. However, some check airman designations can include all check airmen, line check airmen, lead check airmen, aircrew program designees (APDs), etc.

The post How to Become a Check Airman at a Major Airline appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

Ultimately, firearms, and ammunition are prohibited at TSA passenger screening checkpoints. Therefore, it is the passenger’s responsibility to correctly prepare, package, and declare every firearm as checked baggage.

In addition to TSA’s firearm rules, it is each passenger’s responsibility to be familiar with and abide by applicable firearms laws, regulations, and policies from the aircraft’s owner, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and local/state authorities at the arrival and departure locations. Understanding firearms policies and planning accordingly ensures an uninterrupted, safe, and legal travel experience.

How to Fly With a Gun: Private vs. Commercial

TSA rules for flying with a gun are the same whether traveling privately or commercially. Passengers may only transport unloaded firearms in a locked, hard-sided case as checked baggage.

Ammunition must also be transported as checked baggage. It should be packaged in the same locked, hard-sided case as the firearm, if it meets the ammunition packaging regulations listed in this article, or separately from the firearm. Ammunition must be in original manufacturer packaging or in packaging specifically designed to carry small amounts of ammunition. Packaging must be made of fiber, wood, plastic, or metal.

Firearms and ammunition are prohibited at TSA passenger screening checkpoints. Upon arrival at the airport, the properly packaged firearm and/or ammunition must be taken directly to the lobby ticket counter and declared to the ticket agent.

It is important to note that private airplane owners, CBP, and local authorities at the arrival and departure locations may have additional requirements for traveling with firearms and ammunition. Passengers should contact these individual organizations and authorities for carriage policies prior to arriving at the airport.

Choosing the Right Firearm Case for Air Travel

Choosing the right firearm case to travel with a gun ensures the safety of the public and a smooth check-in process for the passenger declaring the weapon. Passengers should always check with their private jet company about guidelines, exclusions, limitations, and fees when attempting to fly with guns.

Hard-Sided Firearm Cases

Hard-sided cases are the only ones approved by the TSA when flying with a gun. These cases have rigid outer shells that are ideal for long-distance transportation. The hard shell also offers impact resistance, which is ideal for baggage handling at the airport.

Some hard-sided cases come with built-in locks, while others are padlock compatible to meet TSA requirements. These locks help prevent unauthorized access. Most hard cases even feature watertight seals, further protecting guns from the elements.

Pistol Hard-Sided Cases

The Cabela’s Armor Xtreme Dual Pistol Case, for example, protects handguns from the elements and abuse. It is resistant to extreme weather and rough handling encountered during travel. A pressure-release valve equalizes pressure inside and outside the case during air travel. The case is padlock compatible and meets all TSA requirements.

Rifle and Shotgun Hard-Sided Cases

The Plano All Weather Gun Case protects rifles and shotguns from extreme conditions. A built-in pressure-release valve equalizes pressure caused by altitude and temperature changes. It also features a rugged, industrial-strength exterior construction and preperforated pluck foam to protect firearms from dents and scratches. The case is padlock compatible and meets all TSA requirements.

Soft-Sided Firearm Cases

Soft-sided cases are not approved by the TSA when it comes to transporting firearms during air travel. These simply don’t offer the same level of protection as hard-sided cases. However, some private jet companies allow a hard-sided case to be placed inside a soft-sided one if the hard-sided carrier is secured per the above guidelines.

Trigger Locks and Additional Firearm Security Measures

A trigger lock is a two-piece device that fits over a gun’s trigger guard to prevent it from being pulled and the gun from being fired. It is an additional and inexpensive option to help prevent firearm tempering, theft, and accidents while flying.

Ammunition Transportation Guidelines

Ammunition, like firearms, cannot be placed in carry-on bags or brought to a security checkpoint. It is only allowed in checked bags. However, passengers should always check with their private jet company about guidelines, exclusions, limitations, and fees when attempting to fly with ammunition.

Ammunition Packaging

Ammunition must be packaged in the same locked, hard-sided case as the firearm, if it meets the ammunition packaging regulations listed in this article, or separately from the firearm. Ammunition must be in original manufacturer packaging or in packaging specifically designed to carry small amounts of ammunition. Packaging must be made of fiber, wood, plastic, or metal.

Ammo Cans for Bulk Ammunition

Ammo cans can be used when transporting ammunition separately from the firearm. When choosing an ammo can, passengers should consider its size, material, and whether it is waterproof and airtight, as well as added features, including locks, handles, and stacking options.

The Sheffield 12629, for example, is a weather-resistant ammo storage can designed for pistol, rifle, and shotgun ammo storage. It is a sackable, lockable, and reliable ammo storage solution for transporting ammunition during air travel.

Magazines and Separate Storage Requirements

Firearm magazines and clips for packing ammunition must completely enclose any ammo. This can be accomplished by securely covering the exposed portions of the magazine or by placing the magazine in a pouch, holder, or holster.

Best Practices for Transporting Firearms on Private Flights

Follow these best practices to ensure a smooth experience for transporting firearms and/or ammunition as a private flight traveler:

• Communicate your intentions to transport firearms/ammunition with the private jet company before you arrive for your trip.
• Follow necessary TSA gun rules.
• Bring a copy of your gun license and/or permit.
• Label the firearm and/or ammunition container.
• Verify that your firearm and magazines are unloaded.
• Place your unloaded firearm and/or ammunition inside a lockable, hard-sided container.
• Use TSA-approved locks to secure the container.
• Discreetly transport your locked firearm/ammunition container to the airport.
• Go to the check-in counter and declare the locked case that contains your firearm/ammunition.

Specific Considerations for Different Firearms

Due to the variety of firearms available on the market (e.g., pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns, antique/replica firearms, and unique firearms), it may be necessary to obtain a custom case to fit the firearm. Gun owners should consider the following when purchasing a custom gun case:

• Ensure it protects against dust and moisture.
• Evaluate how well it guards the firearm against knocks and falls.
• Choose a durable one that will last with regular use, such as a hard-sided one.
• Ensure it can be locked and is capable of completely securing its contents.

Regardless of the firearm type, the case must meet all of the TSA’s rules on guns.

Stay Safe by Following TSA Firearm Rules

Firearms and ammunition are prohibited at TSA passenger screening checkpoints. Since the TSA’s primary mission is to protect the flying public, anyone discovered in possession of a weapon at a TSA passenger screening checkpoint will be immediately handed over to local/state law enforcement, resulting in an arrest and a penalty.

It is a requirement to correctly prepare, package, and declare every firearm as checked baggage in a locked, hard-sided case.

Passengers are encouraged to research and follow guidelines for specific routes and destinations when traveling with a gun. Understanding firearms policies and planning accordingly ensures an uninterrupted, safe, secure, and legal travel experience.

FAQ

Can you fly with a gun?

Yes, passengers can fly with a gun. However, the gun must be unloaded and properly packaged in a locked, hard-sided case and declared as checked baggage.

How many locks do I need on my gun case for TSA?

At least one that only you can open, either with a key or a combination. The TSA recommends using all available lock tabs when securing firearms for air travel. Make sure you check with individual airlines and private aircraft owners for their policies as well.

Can the TSA open my gun case without me present?

No, the owner of the gun case must be present if the TSA needs to open the case. Only the gun case owner should have the combination or key to open it.

The post Guide to TSA Firearm Rules for Private Flights appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

You did your weight-and-balance planning properly, ensuring that you were in the weight and center-of-gravity (CG) limits. Your preflight revealed no potential surprises. Now you’re lined up on the runway, your pretakeoff checks completed.

You release the brakes and move the throttle forward smoothly, just how you were taught. Your eyes scan from outside to inside, ensuring the temperatures and pressures are in the green and the airspeed is alive.

You rotate smoothly, but as the nose pitches, you feel yourself sliding backward. You instinctively grip the control column harder and pull it back with you. Your brain briefly registers that something has gone seriously wrong. The last thing you hear is the shrill shriek of the stall warning.

I wish I could say that something like this is extreme and highly unlikely. But unfortunately it’s not.

I should know. I almost became a statistic of a loss of control and stall during takeoff. I was flying with a friend, and it was very much like the scenario described above, only we were in a taildragger. I noticed something wasn’t right as soon as the tail came up on the takeoff. I went to rotate, and my seat started to slide backward.

Luckily, my friend, who was also a pilot, noticed the movement out of the corner of his eye. As I went sliding back, taking the control column with me, he pushed forward, hard, preventing a violent pitch. We almost went off the runway, but thanks to his quick reaction, we managed to get airborne and climb away safely.

I couldn’t understand how it happened. I checked that my seat was securely latched twice before we took off. Upon landing, we discovered that a stop on the seat rail was not correctly fitted. In fact, it was not fitted at all. It should have prevented the seat from moving more than about 5 inches should the latch mechanism fail. Needless to say, checking those stops is now part of my preflight. 

Have you heard that over 28 percent of fatal stall/spin accidents occur during takeoff? 

Why Do Aircraft Stall During Takeoff?

During takeoff, an aircraft is in a vulnerable place. With flaps and gear out, you’re creating a lot of drag, and it doesn’t take a large external force to upset the flight path. It’s also a critical phase of flight, requiring a lot of concentration. Even the smallest distraction can set a chain of events in motion.

If you have read previous articles on stalling, you probably know why aircraft stall (it’s all about critical angle of attack, not airspeed), how to recognize it, and have a better idea of how to recover and avoid it. If not, here’s a summary.

Since the beginning of 2024 alone, I have come across at least five GA accidents that resulted in a stall on takeoff or the go-around. There are also many accidents involving commercial aircraft that spring to mind. They all share a common theme—pilot decision.

Aeronautical decision-making (ADM) plays a big role in risk mitigation, and a quick Google search of stalls during the takeoff and approach indicate that the decisions of the pilot are what brought on that situation. This highlights the need for good quality training that isn’t just about the flying but also includes the decision-making process required for every flight.

Contributing Factors

Weight and Performance

Have you done your weight-and-balance calculations? Are you below the maximum all up weight (MAUQ) of the aircraft? Have you considered the day’s conditions? Just because the aircraft has four seats and a MAUW of 2,300 pounds doesn’t mean you should load it to the hilt.

A heavier aircraft requires more runway to get airborne. Have you done a performance calculation for the runway you’re operating from? Have you considered the density altitude, runway slope, headwind, and tailwind?

If you haven’t, you might find yourself halfway down the runway and still below flying speed. There’s a fence at the end of the runway. You glance inside, noticing your speed is still 10 knots below V_R. You look outside again, and the fence is uncomfortably close.

You have no choice. You pull back hard on the control column. The aircraft unwillingly unsticks from the ground but doesn’t climb. You pull back more because you have to clear the fence, and the stall horn sings its song.

Elevator Trim Position

Ever wondered why training aircraft have a neutral trim position? Have you seen airliners that have a green trim range indicator on their instrumentation? Light aircraft have quite a small CG envelope, so a neutral trim position is sufficient as long as the aircraft is loaded within the envelope.

But larger aircraft have a much wider CG range, and the trim is calculated before every takeoff.

The above photo is of the Embraer 135 multifunction display (MFD). Can you see the pitch-trim indicator? It’s not in an obvious place, and you could miss that it is set well out of the green range.

Normally, taking off with it in this position will result in an aural warning as you advance the thrust levers. However, should the aural warning not work (maybe a circuit breaker was pulled), the pilot could easily overlook the trim setting, leaving themselves open to overrotation and a potential stall after takeoff.

Taking off with the elevator trim in the wrong position could result in overrotation if it’s set too far nose up or underrotation, requiring the pilot to use excessive force and possibly overcorrect to over-rotation, if set too far nose down.

Another consideration is during the approach to land. In light aircraft, it is a good idea to have the elevator trim in the neutral position when landing. Depending on the aircraft and conditions, this might make the controls feel a little heavier on the approach, but it will protect you in the event of a go-around.

Applying power to go around with the trim too far in the nose-up position will result in a large upward pitch, which could result in a stall if you’re not expecting it. 

Center of Gravity

Training aircraft are designed to have a forward CG as it makes them more stable. This doesn’t mean that loading heavy bags or people in the aircraft won’t shift the CG aft. An aft CG could result in less, or even no, pitch down of the nose during a stall. 

During takeoff, it could result in premature rotation before flying speed is achieved, leading to very little or no climb. To achieve more lift at low speed, we can increase the angle of attack, but this gets us dangerously close to the critical AOA. 

While not that relevant to training aircraft, another consideration is load shift. Do you remember the Boeing 747 that crashed in Kabul, Afghanistan, in 2013? Cargo wasn’t secured correctly and shifted aft on takeoff. 

Load shift becomes a consideration in any aircraft carrying cargo. Flying cargo in the GA8 Airvan, Cessna Grand Caravan, and Daher Kodiak, I was always acutely aware of correctly loading and securing the contents.

Aircraft Not Correctly Configured for Takeoff

In 1987, a Northwest Airlines MD-82 crashed after takeoff. The subsequent investigation indicated that the flaps and slats were not correctly configured for takeoff, resulting in a longer than normal takeoff run, reduced climb performance, and stall after getting airborne.

Investigation findings highlighted the improper use of checklists and SOP noncompliance to be contributing factors. 

I recently came across an accident report involving a Cessna 172, which stalled during takeoff in 2022.

The pilot loaded the aircraft with two other adults and operated out of a runway at 4,900 feet elevation. The flight took place in the early morning, so it wasn’t too hot yet (68 degrees Fahrenheit). 

Since the pilot was a holder of a commercial pilot license, it should have been an uneventful takeoff. Unfortunately, they decided that it was a good idea to strap the right-hand door of the aircraft to the wing strut to hold it open.

The increased drag resulted in a longer takeoff run, lack of climb performance, and subsequent stall.

Accidents like these highlight the importance of quality training to set the foundation for good airmanship and ADM. 

Risks and Considerations

While the majority of stalls during takeoff can be avoided just by practicing good airmanship and proper planning, there are some scenarios that might be outside of your control. Ask your instructor and see what they think.

Engine Failure After Takeoff

Many articles have been written about the engine failure after takeoff (EFATO), followed by the “impossible turn.” I’m not going to get into that here. But a stall can be prevented following an EFATO by identifying a suitable landing place within 30 to 45 degrees either side of the aircraft nose and flying it down rather than attempting a turn back to the runway. 

During your PPL training, you will be taught the pretakeoff safety briefing and touch checks, so that should something go wrong, you will instinctively react and recover. This is done to overcome the startle factor when things suddenly go awry, allowing us to instinctively do what we have been trained to do.

Birds

Where there is a runway, there will be birds. They are attracted to airfields and airports like bees to honey. No matter how well you scan the skies ahead, there is always a chance of birds crossing your flight path on takeoff.

What do you do?

For the most part, birds dive down to get out of the way. To create space, the logical thing for us to do is go up, right? Remember, we’re likely low, slow, and already at 5 to 10 degrees AOA for the climb, so pulling back on the control column is not the best idea.

Your best option is probably just to continue. If impact is imminent, you could duck down below the instrument panel should the birds go through the windscreen. Also consider that you may have engine trouble following the impact.

I’d rather deal with an engine failure than put myself into a low-level stall.

Downdrafts and Wind Shear

Common in the vicinity of thunderstorms, or mountainous areas, downdrafts can have you plummeting toward the earth at thousands of feet per minute. Consider delaying your departure until the storm has passed or until the winds have died down.

If you do find yourself caught in a downdraft, whether at altitude or close to the ground, don’t attempt to pitch to the heavens to outclimb it. You might just stall in the process.

Instead, don’t change the aircraft configuration, keep the wings level, add power, and do your best to fly out of it.

Stall Recovery During Takeoff

As you can see, stalls close to the ground should be avoided at all costs. But what should you do if you find yourself in that situation? A Google search doesn’t provide much information on recovery as most articles focus on prevention.

If the odds are stacked against you and you do find yourself stalled low to the ground, I can’t provide you with a one-size-fits-all recovery technique as there are too many variables involved.

Power-On Recovery Technique

1) Release back pressure to unload the wing. This needs to be just enough as releasing too much back pressure could result in a descent.

2) Simultaneously, smoothly apply full power. Anticipate the yaw and correct with rudder. Be aware that the aircraft will want to pitch toward the canopy, so you might need slight forward pressure on the control column to prevent it from overcorrecting. 

3) Keep the wings level and the ball in the middle with rudder.

4) Once the aircraft is stable and you have a positive rate of climb, do the after-takeoff checks.

While this is the recovery procedure for minimum height loss, remember that you could still lose several hundred feet during the recovery maneuver.

Some might argue that if you are low, it might be best to keep the aircraft in the stall as you will likely impact the ground with minimal forward speed. 

Personally, I would focus on keeping the wings level with rudder to prevent a low-level spin, aim to impact the ground as slowly as possible, and fly the aircraft as far into the crash as possible.

In Summary

Stalls close to the ground are rarely recoverable.

A correctly configured aircraft operated within its limits by a competent pilot shouldn’t get close to a stall. Prevention is better than cure, and a solid understanding of the fundamentals coupled with practical experience from quality training is essential to developing the skills required to keep you out of danger.

To become a safer pilot, I recommend more research of your own so that you can learn from the mistakes of others.

The post Takeoff Stalls and How to Prevent Them appeared first on FLYING Magazine.